FED’in politika
yolu
Bu yazı,piyasalarda günlük olarak düşünen ve buna göre
strateji belirleyen kişiler için değil,uzun süreli stratejiler belirleyen ve
buna uygun olarak hisse senedinde ve diğer finansal enstümanlarda pozisyon
alanlar içindir.Bugünkü FED toplantısı öncesi,şunu söylemek isterim ki,birçok
büyük piyasa oyuncusu,hatta sık,sık ekrana çıkan önde gelen ekonomi
yorumcuları,şimdi ABD’de enflasyonun düşük olduğunu,dolayısıyla istihdam
piyasasında ve tüketici güveninde ideal seviyelere gelinmeye çok yaklaşmışken
FED’in faiz arttırımına gitmekte acele etmeyeceklerini zannediyorlar.Halbuki
amerikan ekonomisi dev bir transatlantik gibidir,yönünü çevirmek zaman
alır,geçmiş tecrübelerden görülmüştür ki,bugün FED’in alacağı bir kararın
ekonomiye etkisi 9 ile 15 ay arası almaktadır.Dolayısıyla eğer FED proaktif
davranmasa,çok geç kalacağını bilmektedir,nitekim aşağıdaki tabloda göreceğiniz
gibi,FED faiz arttırımında geciktiği için amerikada 1979-1982 arası 3 yıl
enflasyon %10-13 arasına fırlamış,bu durumda FED frenlere çok sert basarak
politika faizini %20’ye kadar çıkartarak ancak enflasyonu
dizginleyebilmiştir.Aslında şu an amerikada faiz arttırımı için şartlar çok
uygundur,çünkü Avrupa Merkez Bankasının parasal genişleme politikası,FED için
çok büyük bir dert olan 850 milyar dolardan,4.5 trilyon dolara çıkan bilançosunu
yeniden normal seviyesine çekmek için altın fırsat yaratmaktadır.FED’in bilanço
daraltmasıyla çıkacak büyük boşluğu ,faiz arttırımı nedeniyle abd’ye gelip
bundan yararlanmak isteyecek avrupa ve japon sermayesinin parası
dolduracaktır.Bu şekilde FED 1 taşla 2 kuş vurmuş olacaktır.Piyasalarda fazla
bir sarsıntı olmadan hem gelecekte olabilecek enflasyon tehlikesini önlemiş
olacak,hem de bilançosunu çok temiz bir operasyonla normal seviyesine çekerek
amerikan ekonomisini düz yola çekmiş olacaktır.Faiz arttırımında gecikirse ne
olur;bu durumda daha önceleri ne olmuşsa o olur,yani bu seferde yeterli
olabilecek bir oranın çok üstünde faiz arttırmak zorunda kalır FED.Sanırım FED
üyeleri de bunun farkındadır.
Fed Funds Rate Since 1971
DATE TARGET EVENT
1971: Jan 4.5% - 4.00% President Nixon appointed Arthur
Burns as Fed Chair in 1970. Economy was expanding at 3.4%, but unemployment was
rising (to 6%, high for that era). Inflation was 3.3%.
Feb 3.5%
Jul 5.5%
Fed raised and lowered the rate from 5% to 5.5% and down again, confusing
markets
Aug 5.75% Nixon imposed wage-price controls in August to stem
inflation.
Nov 5.00% Lowered to stimulate growth.
1972: Mar 5.5% Raised to
combat inflation.
Dec 5.75%
1973: Jan 6.04% Raised 4 times during
month.
Feb 6.75% Lowered to 6.5%, then raised to 6.75%., confusing
markets
Apr 7.25% Raised dramatically for next 5 months.
Aug 11.0%
1974: Feb 9% Lowered from September 1972 to Feb. 1974
Jul 13% Raised from
March to mid-July.
Dec 8.00% Lowered gradually from July to
December.
1975: Jan 6.5% Lowered four times in January.
May 5.0% Lowered
five times in five months.
Sep 6.5% Raised from June through
September.
1976: Jan 4.75% Lowered from October through January.
Apr 5.5%
Raised in April and May.
Nov 4.75% Lowered from July - November.
1977:Aug
6.0% Raised from December though August
Oct 6.5% Raised again in September
and October.
1978: Jan 6.75%
Dec 10.0% Raised each month from April
through December.
1979: Apr 10.25% Paul Volcker became Fed Chair in January,
and started raising rates in April.
Oct 15.5% Raised rates each month from
July through October.
Dec 12% Gradual decline through the month.
1980: Jan
14% Increased rapidly during month.
Mar 20% Raised rates in February and
March.
Jun 8.5% Lowered to 9.5% in May and 8.5% in June.
Sep 12% Rates
raised to 10% in August and 12% in September
Dec 20% Raised steadily until
mid December.
Dec 29 18% Lowered two points.
1981: Jan 20% President
Reagan took office. Volcker raise rates again.
Apr 16% Lowered 4
points.
May 20% Raised 4 points.
Dec 12% Lowered 8 points.
1982: Apr
15% Raised 3 points.
Dec 8.5% Lowered 9 times over 9 months.
1983: Aug
9.66% Raised from May to August.
Oct 9.25% Lowered from August to
October
1984: Aug 11.75% Raised from March to August.
Dec 8.25% Lowered
from September to December.
1985: Mar 9.00% Raised from February to
mid-March.
Dec 7.75% Lowered from April to December.
1986: Aug 5.66%
Lowered from March to August.
Dec 6.0% Raised in December.
1987: Sep 7.25%
Alan Greenspan become Fed Chair. Raised rates from April to September.
Nov
6.75% Lowered in the weeks after October 19.
1988: Feb 6.5% Lowered in
January and February.
Dec 9.75% Raised through the year.
1989: Dec 8.25%
President H.W. Bush took office. Rates lowered through the year.
1990: Dec
7.0% Rates were raised
1991: Dec 4,0%
1992: Sep 3.0%
1993: Dec 3.0%
President Clinton took office. No changes.
1994: Nov 5.5% Raised.
1995:
Feb 6.0% Raised in February.
Dec 5.5% Lowered in July and December.
1996:
Jan 5.25% Lowered in January.
1997: Mar 5.5%
1998: Nov 4.75% Lowered in
September, October and November.
1999: Nov 5.5% Raised in June, August and
November.
2000: May 6.6% Raised in February, March and May despite stock
market decline in March.
2001: Dec 1.75% President George W. Bush took
office. Rates lowered 11 times to fight recession.
2002: Nov 1.24%
2003:
Jun 1.00%
2004: Dec 2.25% Raised 5 times starting in June.
2005: Dec
4.25% Raised 8 times starting in February.
2006: Jun 5.25% Ben Bernanke
became Fed Chair. Raised rates 4 times to cool housing market.
2007: Dec
4.25% Lowered 4 times starting in August.
2008: Dec 0.25% Lowered 7
times.
2009:Present 0-25% President Obama took office. Rates remained at this
level until possibly 2015.
http://useconomy.about.com/od/moneta...7e36b-0-ab_gsb
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